Permanent Life Insurance
Perm
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What's
"Permanent" About This Insurance?
As
its name implies, permanent life insurance is insurance you keep for
life, (also known as whole life). It doesn't expire unless you stop
paying premiums. While you buy term insurance to
cover you for a specified period of time — to pay benefits if you die
before your children graduate from college, for example, or before your
spouse is eligible for retirement benefits — you buy permanent coverage
to keep permanently. Permanent life policies, most commonly Whole
Life and Universal Life, pay cash benefits whenever you die, as long
as the policy is in force. Benefits are not limited to a specific term.
Additionally, permanent policies accumulate cash value, so you can borrow
against or "cash in" the current value of the policy while
you're still alive — to fund your retirement or pay for your children's
education, for example. Of course, these benefits come at a price. Permanent
life insurance coverage typically costs significantly more in the early
years of the policy than term life for the same amount of coverage,
and becomes more economical later.
What
Is Whole Life Insurance?
Whole
Life Insurance remains in force your entire life and pays out a cash benefit to
your beneficiary on your death whenever it occurs. Thus, it is
well-suited to cover needs that do not diminish during your lifetime,
and may even grow, such as estate settlement costs and taxes.
Generally,
Whole Life Insurance premiums
don't change. In a typical term life policy (except for level term),
the premiums are lower in the early years, when you're less likely to
die and the insurance company is less likely to have to pay a claim.
The premiums - and your risk of death and the insurance company's risk
of having to pay out - go up as you get older. But with Whole Life Insurance,
the variable costs of insuring your life are averaged out over time.
Whole
Life Insurance policies develop a cash value that grows on a tax-free basis over
the life of the policy. You can access this cash value either by canceling
your policy or by borrowing against its current value. Your cash value's
rate of growth depends on a number of factors, including the investment
success of the issuing insurance company.
What
Is Universal Life Insurance?
Universal
Life Insurance gives
you the control over the key elements of your policy: the premium, the
life insurance protection, and where the insurance company invests your
policy's cash value. Your financial resources and need for either growth
or insurance protection will change over your life. Universal Life insurance
gives you the flexibility to tailor these elements of your policy to
your current needs.
For
example, if finances are tight, you can change the amount you pay in
premiums and, in some cases, stop paying premiums altogether. Conversely,
if you're in a good financial period, you can increase your premiums,
which will help you to increase the cash value of your policy. If your
need for life insurance protection is greater than your need for growth,
you can increase your insurance protection and decrease your policy's
cash value. Similarly, if your children are grown and your need for
insurance protection has diminished, you can direct more of your premium
toward building your policy's cash value.
With variable universal life insurance,
you can control how your money is invested by selecting the financial
vehicle — stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc. — used to build your policy's
cash value from among the insurance company's offerings.
Is
Life Insurance A Good Choice?
Experts
agree that the primary reason to buy life insurance is to protect your
dependents if you die. Though Whole Life Insurance and
Universal Life Insurance policies
do build cash values, much of your premium is used to fund the insurance
element of your policy (the "mortality charge"). Thus, by
comparison with stocks, bonds or mutual funds — where all your
money, minus expenses, is invested — life insurance is an inefficient
investment.
However,
if you are looking for an efficient way to fund your life insurance,
Whole Life Insurance or Universal Life Insurance can be a smart way to build value. Here's how:
Your policy's cash value can be accessed as cash (through a loan or
by canceling your policy) or used within the policy to replace your
premiums. Since the cash value grows on a tax-free basis, using your
cash value to replace your premiums allows you to use tax-free dollars to maintain your insurance. You get to keep the money you would otherwise
have to pay in taxes.
For
example, suppose your premium was $1000 and you had to earn $1300 before
taxes to pay that premium. You would pay $300 in income taxes plus the
$1000 to buy your insurance. However, if you paid the $1000 premium
from your policy's tax-free cash value, you would pocket the $300 you
would otherwise have to pay in taxes. Your life insurance policy would,
in effect, have earned you an extra $300. However, this example assumes
that your chief goal is to fund your life insurance, not earn money
through an investment.
Summary: Advantages Of Whole
Life Insurance: WHAT IT DOES DO:
- It
pays a death benefit to the beneficiary you name and offers cash value.
- It provides a fixed premium which can't increase during your lifetime.
- It allows the insurance company to exclusively manage the cash value
account.
- It provides you the option to receive dividends from your policy.
- Or it provides you the option to apply dividends to reduce payments.
- It offers you the right to borrow from or surrender the policy during
your lifetime.
Disadvantages
Of Whole
Life Insurance: WHAT IT DOESN'T DO
- It doesn't offer the
account flexibility to invest in separate investment accounts.
- It doesn't allow you the account flexibility to split your money between accounts.
- It doesn't offer premium flexibility.
- It doesn't offer face amount flexibility.
Summary:
Advantages Of Universal
Life Insurance: WHAT IT DOES DO:
- It
pays a death benefit to the beneficiary you name and offers you cash value.
- It allows you to earn market
rates of interest on your cash value account.
- It offers the right to borrow or withdraw from the policy during your
lifetime.
- It allows you premium flexibility.
- It offers face amount flexibility.
Disadvantages
Of Universal
Life Insurance: WHAT IT DOESN'T DO
- It doesn't offer the
account flexibility to invest in separate investment accounts.
- It doesn't allow you the account flexibility to split your money between accounts.